040605P - THE ISLAMIC INPUT CURRICULUM (IIC) AT THE KULLIYAH OF MEDICINE

Presented at the 24^th TA’ARUF AND INTELLECTUAL DISCOURSE held at Admiral Marina & Leisure Club, Port Dickson, NS on 5^th June 2004 by Prof Omar Hasan Kasule, Sr. Deputy Dean, Kulliyah of Medicine, UIAM

Crisis of duality

The main motive of IIC is to resolve the crisis of duality or dichotomy that has weakened Muslim education and Muslim thought since the Muslim world was colonized by Europeans. This crisis manifests as teaching Islamic sciences separately from other disciplines by different teachers and in different institutions. The student is thus presented with two world views that are sometimes contradictory. This causes much intellectual confusion and a state of split mind that fits the description of intellectual schizophrenia.

Integration of knowledge

IIC resolves the crisis of duality by insisting that Islamic concepts should be taught by the same people who teach medical and scientific disciplines. At least at the level of the teacher the student is presented with one integrated body of knowledge. The un-Islamic division between the ‘religious’ and ‘the worldly’ is thus eliminated. The integration extends to the subject matter itself. Over the years we have also worked towards integrating Islamic values in the basic and clinical medical sciences. Integration extends to examinations that have issues on Islamic values embedded in the medical questions. The expectation is that our graduates will be able to integrate moral values in their practice of medicine because they went through an integrated education system.

Reading the 2 books

IIC follows the Islamic paradigm of reading 2 books, the book of revelation, kitaab al wahy, and the book of empirical science, kitaab al kawn. Both books contain signs of Allah, ayaat al llaah, and must be read together. It is a mistake to read one of the books and neglect the other. The solution to the crisis of duality in the ummah starts from joint reading of the 2 books, al jam ‘u baina al qira atain. Thus medical scientists who are involved in IIC read the signs in both books.

Islamization and medical jurisprudence

The vision of IIC has two separate but closely related components: Islamization and legal medicine. Islamization deals with putting medicine in an Islamic context in terms of epistemology, values, and attitudes. Legal medicine deals with issues of application of the Law from a medical perspective including the ‘grey area’ for which simple categorization as good & bad, legal & illegal is not easy. Most of what falls under the rubric of medico-ethical issues in the European communities are actually medico-legal issues for which the Law, shariat, has adequate guidelines.

Five main objectives

IIC has 5 main objectives: (a) introduction of Islamic paradigms and concepts in general as they relate to medicine, mafahiim Islamiyat fi al Tibb. (b) strengthening faith, iman, through study of Allah’s sign in the human body (c) appreciating and understanding the juridical, fiqh, aspects of health and disease, al fiqh al tibbi. (d) understanding the social issues in medical practice and research and (e) Professional etiquette, adab al tabiib, from the Islamic perspective.

Outcome

We feel that IIC helps the future physician prepare for the heavy trust, the amanat of being professionally competent. He must be highly motivated. He must have personal, professional, intellectual, and spiritual development programs. He must know the proper etiquette of dealing with patients and colleagues. He also must know and avoid professional malpractice. He needs to be equipped with leadership and managerial skills to be able to function properly as a head of a medical team.

Structure of the curriculum

	Block 1	Block 2	Block 3	Block 4
Year 1	A’qidat (creed)	‘Ilm (knowledge)	Tarikh (history)	Hadharat (civilization)
Year 2	Life and Health	Growth and senescence	Biological Miracle	Structure & function
Year 3	Law, ethics, etiquette	Fiqh al ‘ibadat	Fiqh al ‘aadaat (normal)	Fiqh al amraadh (illness)
Year 4	Modern technology	Mu’amalaat	Social Institutions	Social problems
Year 5	Physician formation	Leadership skills	Model leaders	Management skills

Examinations

·         Block examinations for Year 1 and Year 2: 1 out of 5 short notes

·         First professional examination: 1 out of 5 short notes

·         Block examinations for Year 3, Year 4, and Year 5: Islamic aspects of patient management problems

·         Final Professional examination: 10 multiple choice questions

Problem of instructors

One of the questions raised about IIC is that of the Islamic qualifications of the medical teachers. This is a challenge and not a problem and we have devised several ways to face it. First of all IIC is not about producing students who are experts in Islamic sciences. It is all about presenting the Islamic persepective of medicine which requires knowledge of only the most elementary Islamic cooncepts that are presumed for any adult Muslim under the paradigm of ‘al ma’alum fi al diinn bi al dharuurat. Secondly most IIC lecturers have gone through a diploma course on Islamic studies. The Kulliyah is now engaged in organizing an advanced Islamic course as a follow-up. Thirdly all the Kulliyah has a manual with all the pedagogical material needed for all lectures. The IIC lecturer is provided with all the teaching material and resources needed. In addition to that special workshops are held to discuss the material. We feel that an IIC lecturer with basic medical education who tries to understand Islamic concepts and apply them to medicine will be more effective with students than a specialist in Islamic studies without any medical background. We however respect subject expertise. Whenever there are issues that require specialist knowledge, experts in fiqh and other Islamic sciences are invited to participate in IIC sessions.

 

KULLIYAH OF MEDICINE

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, MALAYSIA

SCHEDULE OF THE ISLAMIC INPUT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2004-2005

PHASE 1 (YEAR 1 and YEAR 2):  P  L  E  N  A  R  Y    L   E   C   T   U   R   E   S

YEAR 1	YEAR 2
BLOCK 1: ‘AQIIDAT	BLOCK 1: LIFE & HEALTH
04Jun: Introduction to Islamic Input: Prof Omar	04Jun: Life: Prof Nasaruddin
11Jun: Islam, Iman, & Ihsan: Prof Tahir	11Jun: Death: Dr Adnan
18Jun: Tauhid : Prof Omar	18Jun: Health: Dr Azian
25Jun: Risalat:  Dr. Al Ameen	25Jun: Disease : Dr Azizi
02Jul: Akhirat: Dr Tanver	02Jul: Treatment of Disease: Dr Azizi
09Jul: Qadar: Prof Omar	The Islamic World-View: Prof Kamal
16Jul: ‘Ubudiyyat: Dr Mat Salleh
23Jul: Tazkiyat al Nafs: Dr Falah
30Jul: Ithm & Ghufran: Dr Yusof
06Aug: Kufr & Shirk: Dr Abu Dharr
06Aug: Religions & Belief Systems: Dr Abu Dharr
Concept of cUbudiyyah: Prof Kamal
BLOCK 2: ‘ILM	BLOCK 2: GROWTH & SENESCENCE
03Sep: Nature of Knowledge I: Dr Hasan	20Aug: Intra-uterine Life: A/P Emad
10Sep: Nature of Knowledge II: Dr Hasan	27Aug: Infancy & Childhood: A/P Dr Abd al Wahab
17Sep: Crisis of Knowledge: Prof Tahir	03Sep: Youth: A/P Dr Abd al Wahab
24Sep: Methodology of Knowledge: Prof Omar	10Sep: Middle Age: Prof Pakeer
01Oct: Classical Islamic Sciences: Prof Omar	17Sep: Old Age: Prof Pakeer
08Oct: History of Medical Sciences: Prof Pakeer	IIUM and HRD for the Ummah: Prof Kamal
15Oct: Islamization of Medical Sciences: Prof Omar
22Oct: Islamization of Other Disciplines: Prof Omar
Islamic Education in Southeast Asia: Prof Kamal
BLOCK 3: TARIKH	BLOCK 3: THE BIOLOGICAL MIRACLE
02Dec: Creation of the Universe I: A/P Abd Wahab	05Nov: Perfection & Optimality in Anatomy: A/P Emad
10Dec: Creation of the Universe II: A/P Abd Wahab	12Nov: Perfection & Optimality in Physiology: Dr Sersi
17Dec: Creation of the Human I: A/P Jalaluddin	19Nov: Perfection & Optimality in Biochem Prof Mazida
24Dec: Creation of the Human II: A/P Jalaluddin	26Nov: Control & Homeostasis: Prof Mazidah
31Dec: Khilafat I: Dr Yusof	03Dec: Interaction with  the Environment: Prof Pakeer
07Jan: Khilafat II: Dr Yusof	10Dec: Epidemiology & Statistics: Prof Omar
14Jan: Taskhiir: Dr Abu Dharr	Modernization: Prof Kamal
21Jan: Imarat al Ardh: Prof Omar
28Jan: Era of Prophethood: Dr Saeed
04Feb: Era of Khilafat, ‘ahad al khilafat: Dr Awang
Islam in the Malay World: Prof Kamal
BLOCK 4: CIVILIZATIONS	BLOCK 4: STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
04Mar: Concepts of Civilization: Prof Omar	21Jan: Alimentary System: Dr Mat Salleh
11Mar: Ancient Civilizations: Prof Omar	28Jan: Locomotor System: A/P Yusof
11Mar: Cycle of Civilization: Prof Omar	04Feb: Protective Systems: Dr Anis
18Mar: Umayyad Era: Prof Omar	11Feb: Genito-urinary System: Dr Rathor
25Mar: Abassid Era: Prof Omar	18Feb: Cardio-respiratory System: Dr Puteri Melor
01Apr: Osmanli Era: Prof Omar	25Feb: Sensory System: Dr Magdi
08Apr: Other Muslim Civilizations: Prof Omar	11Mar: Nervous System: A/P Emad
15Apr: Achievements of Islamic Civilization:	Globalization: Prof Kamal
22Apr: Tajdid & Islah : Prof Omar
Towards A Common Civilization: Prof Kamal

 

 

KULLIYAH OF MEDICINE

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, MALAYSIA

SCHEDULE OF THE ISLAMIC INPUT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2004-2005

PHASE II (YEAR 3 and YEAR 4): P  L  E  N  A  R  Y     L   E   C   T   U   R   E   S

Y E A R  3	Y E A R  4
BLOCK 1a: ELEMENTARY CLINICS	BLOCK 1: MODERN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
12Jun: History Taking: Prof Omar	12Jun: Assisted Reproduction:: Dr Anisah
19Jun: Physical Examination & investigations: Prof Omar	19Jun: Contraception: Dr Murad
26Jun: Etiquette: Patients & Families: Prof Omar	26Jun: Reproductive cloning: Dr Anisah
03Jul: Etiquette: Health Care Team: Prof Omar	03Jul: Abortion: Dr Nurad
10Jul: Etiquette with the Dying: Prof Omar	10Jul: Artificial Life Support: Dr Ariff
BLOCK 1b: FUNDAMENTALS OF LAW & ETHICS	17Jul: Euthanasia: Dr Ariff
17Jul: Over-view: Prof Omar	24Jul: Solid Organ Transplantation: Prof Kamaruzama
24Jul: Sources of the Law: Prof Omar	31Jul: Stem cell transplantantion: Prof Omar
31Jul: Purposes, Principles, & Regulations of the Law: Prof Omar	31Jul: Cosmetic/plastic Surgery: Prof Omar
07Aug: Principles of the Majallat: Prof Omar	07Aug: Animal Research : Prof Nasaruddin
14Aug: Purposes and Principles of  Medicne: Prof Omar	07Aug: Human Research : Prof Tahir
21Aug: Regulations of Medical Procedures: Prof Omar	14Aug: Research Practice: Dato Mahathevan
28Aug: Regulations of Research Procedures: Prof Omar
04Sep: Regulations of Physician Conduct: Prof  Omar
04Sep: Regulations About Professional Misconduct: Prof Omar
BLOCK 2: FIQH AL ‘IBADAT	BLOCK 2a: TRANSACTIONS
02Oct: Taharat: A/P Dr Emad	18Sep: Medical malpractice: Prof Omar
09Oct: Rulings on Salat, ahkaam al salat: A/P Dr Emad	25Sep: Marriage : Dr Naznin
16Oct: Physical Acts of Salat; A/P Dr Emad	02Oct: Divorce & annulment: Dr Naznin
23Oct: Special Types of Salat: A/P Dr Emad	09Oct: Inheritance: Dr Hasan
30Oct: Salat in Difficult Circumstances: A/P Dr Emad	16Oct: Sales: Prof Omar
06Nov: Saum: Dr Azizi	23Oct: Personal Loans: Prof Kamaruzaman
13Nov: Zakat: Dr Aziz	16Oct: Investments: Prof Omar
20Nov: Hajj: Dr Nasrelddin	23Oct: Endowments: Prof Kamaruzaman
	BLOCK 2b: CRIMES AND JUDGMENT
	06Nov: Crimes: Dr Hasan
	13Nov: Legal competence: Prof Omar
	13Nov: Judge etiquette, pleas, and evidence: Prof Omar
	20Nov: Judgment, conviction, and punishment: Prof Omar
BLOCK 3: NORMAL CONDITIONS	BLOCK 3: SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
08Jan: Menstruation: Dr Anisah	08Jan: Family 1: gender: A/P Naznin
15Jan: Human Sexuality: Dr Anisah	15Jan: Family 2: Social and Marital Relations A/P Naznin
22Jan: Pregnancy and Delivery: Dr Murad	22Jan: Family 3:Parents, relatives, & Children: A/P Naznin
29Jan: Breast feeding: Dr Abd al Wahab	29Jan: The Masjid: Dr Abu Dharr
05Feb: Dr Imad	05Feb: Takaful: Dr Jamaluddin
12Feb: Foods & Drinks: Dr Quazi	12Feb: Shuura: Dr Azizi
19Feb: Activity, Rest, and Sleep: Dr Ariff	19Feb: Wealth: Dr Abd al Wahab
BLOCK 4: PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS	BLOCK 4a: COMMUNITY PROBLEMS
19Mar: Uro-genital system: A/P Dr Azmi	02Apr: Lifestyle: Dr Norfadhilah
26Mar: Cardio-respiratory system: Dr Puteri Melor	02Apr: Sexual perversions: Dr Norfadhilah
02Apr: Connective tissue system: Dr Puteri Melor	02Apr: Addictions: Dr Norfadhilah
09Apr: Alimentary system: Dr Mat Salleh	09Apr: Poverty: Dr Jamaluddin
16Apr: Sensory systems: Dr Anis Shah	09Apr: Violence: Dr Jamaluddin
23Apr: Patho-physiological & general systemic conditions: Dr Melor	BLOCK 4b: SOCIAL ACTION
30Apr: Psychiatric conditions: Dr Umeed	16Apr: Dawa: Dr Azizi

SAMPLE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

YEAR 1 BLOCK 1

The following statements are true about the Islamic world view

A. Tauhid is the basis for physical laws in science and technology

B. Social laws have no relation with tauhid

C. Tauhid is the reason for contradictions in the physical universe

D. The perfection of the universe manifests tauhid

E. Tauhid gives purpose to human existence

YEAR 1 BLOCK 4

Write a short essay on any of the following topics:

• Difference between modernization and civilization
• The strategic importance of hijra
• The difference between the Makkan and the Madinan periods
• Islamic civilization in South East Asia
• The Common Human civilization

YEAR 2 BLOCK 2

The following statements are true about the definition of death

A. The concept of moral death has no basis in the Qur’an

B. The legal definition of death changes with growth of knowledge

C. The biological definition of death is very straightforward

D. Death is considered permanent with cessation of all physiologicasl functions

E. Sleep is a temporary form of death

YEAR 3 BLOCK 3

A 45 year old woman with prolonged menses of 2 weeks’ duration with a suprapubic mass corresponding to a 14 week size of a gravid uterus. Her periods were normal and regular before this. What advice will you give her regarding salat

A 5 year old boy with signs of kidney failure and the parents think he has been charmed and should seek traditional treatment. Explain how you would deal with this situation using Islamic teachings

How would you deal with a case of intestinal obstruction seeking advice about saum and salat.

How would you deal with a 60 year old with symptoms of stroke inquires about wudhu and salat

YR4 BLOCK 3

How would you convince a 29-year old man with right pneumothorax refuses to consent to insertion of a chest tube fearing damage to his internal organs

YEAR 5 FINAL PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION

1. The following statements are true about infections/contagion

1. Visiting a person with a contagious disease is prohibited
2. Isolation of persons with contagious disease is discriminatory and is prohibited
3. Discovery of a contagious disease in a spouse after marriage is a valid reason for nullification of marriage
4. Discrimination of people with contagious diseases like HIV is allowed because they are to blame for their disease
5. Excluding persons with contagious disease from congregational salat is recommended

2. The following statements are true about traumatic injury

A.    Wudhu and ghusl can be valid by wiping over bandaged wounds

2. A physically disabled person should pray as much as they can and cannot stop abandon salat
3. Impotence due to paraplegia can be a valid basis for nullification of marriage
4. Employment of the physically handicapped should consider their condition and not compel them to do work beyond ability
5. Some physical handicaps like blindness and deafness disqualify a person from being a judge

3. The following statements are true about psychiatric conditions

1. There is no obligation of hajj on a person with borderline personality who could break down under stress
2. A person with a borderline personality can be  excused from fasting is the fasting is feared to be a stressor that could precipitate a psychiatric crisis
3. Persons with severe personality disorders should not be allowed to marry
4. Contracts or court testimony by persons with personality disorders that affect free will are not valid
5. There is no liability for crimes in a person with underlying personality disorders that are genetically-determined

4. The following statements are true about respiratory disorders

1. There is no obligation of congregational salat for person with upper respiratory infection for fear of spreading the infection
2. Persons with contagious respiratory infections should be isolated in hajj
3. Physical movements of salat can be decreased in states of dyspnea
4. Recitation in salat can be abandoned in cases of a repetitive cough
5. Salat cannot be delayed in status asthmaticus

5. The following statements are true about cardiovascular disorders

1. Tayammum is enjoined if cold water triggers Reynaud's syndrome
2. Tayammum is enjoined in cases of varicose veins and phlebitis
3. Tawaaf can be delayed if physical movements of  salat dislodge an embolus in DVT
4. Physical movements of salat can be limited if physical movements of  salat dislodge an embolus in DVT