080503P - REPORT OF THE EPISTEMOLOGY AND CURRICULUM REFORM

Workshop Held at the Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh 2-3 May 2008; by Professor Omar Hasan Kasule

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The workshop was attended by 77 selected lecturers and heads of department and lasted 2 days. Professor Omar Hasan Kasule made 2 presentations followed by presentations from reporters of various discipline groups that had been working on the reform of their respective curricula. A few of these reports are attached the rest will be published soon in book form after editing and checking. The next workshops will be held in Chittagong 4-6 July 2008 and Dhaka 17-19 October 2008.

THE SCHEDULE

Program for the Workshop on ‘Epistemology & Curriculum Reform’

2-3 May 2008, Islamic University Kustia- Zhenaidah

Day 01: Friday, 2^nd May, 2008

Inaugural Session
10.30-11.00		:			Registration
11.00		:			Guests take their seats
11.00-11.10		:			Recitation from the Holy Quran		:		Maolana ASM Soaib Ahmed, Imam of Central  Mosque
11.10-11.15		:			Welcome Address		:		Prof. Dr. Md. Abdur  Rahman Anwari, Convener, IUK Chapter of BIIT
11.15-11.20		:			Inaugural Speech		:		Mr. M. Abdul Aziz, Deputy Executive Director, BIIT
11.20-12.20		:			Presentation of Key-Note		:		Prof. Dr. Omar Hasan Kasule, Brunei Darussalam University
12.20- 12.50		:			Interactive Discussion
12.50-13.00		:			Speech by the Chair		:		Prof. Dr. Musharraf Hossen, Former    Treasurer, IUK
13.00-14.30		:			Break for Salatul  Jumma &  Lunch
Working Session 1 : Presentation & Discussion on Faculty of Social Science
14.30-14.50		:			Dr. Begum Rukhsana Milli, Mr. Md. Lutfur Rahman, Department of Politics & Public Administration
14.50-15.10		:			Prof. Dr. Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Dr. M. Alamgir Hossain Bhuiyan, Dept. of  Economics
15.10-15.25		:			Discussion by the Participants
15.25-15.30		:			Remarks by Prof. Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam, Ex-Chairman, Department of Economics
Working Session 2 : Presentation & Discussion on Faculty of Law & Shariah
15.30-15.40		:			Prof. Dr. Abu Bakar Zakaria Mojumder, Department of Al-Fiqh
15.40-15.50		:			Mr. Md. Nazimuddin/ Mr. Akram Hossen Mojumder, Department of Al-Fiqh/ Law
15.50-16.20		:			Discussion by the Participants
16.20-16.30		:			Remarks by  Mr. Kazi Atiqur Rahman, Dean, Faculty of Law & Shariah
16.30-17.00		:			Break for Salatul Asr & Tea
Working Session 3 : Presentation & Discussion on Faculty of Applied Science & Technology
17.00-17.10		:		Mr. Md. Mamun Al- Rashid, Department of Applied Chemistry & Technology
17.10-17.20		:		Mr. Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Department of Bio-Technology & Genetic Engineering
17.20-17.30		:		Mr. Md. Shahjahan Ali, Department of Communication Engineering, Applied Physics & Electronics.
17.30-17.45		:		Discussion by the Participants
17.45-18.00		:		Remarks by Prof. Dr. Omar Hasan Kasule
Working Session 4 : Presentation & Discussion on the Faculty of Theology &  Islamic Studies
18.00-18.10		:		Prof. Dr. Md. Nasiruddin Mizi, Department of Al-Quran & Islamic Studies
18.10-18.30		:		Prof. Dr. Md. Abdur Rahman Anwari, Prof. Dr. Ahsan Ullah Faisal, Dr. M. Shahidul Islam Noori, Department of Dawah & Islamic Studies
18.30-18.50		:		Break for Salatul Maghrib
18.50-19.00		:		Prof. Dr. M. Moinul Haq, Department of Al-Hadith & Islamic Studies
19.00-19.20		:		Discussion by the Participants
19.20-19.30		:		Speech by Prof. Dr. Ahsanullah Faisal, Co-Convener of BIIT Chapter
19.30-19.40		:		Remarks by Prof. Dr. Abul Kalam Patwary
19.40		:		Ending of First-day’s Session
Day 02:Saturday , 3rd  May, 2008
09.00-09.05		:		Recitation From the Holy Quran
09.05-09.10		:		Introductory Speech by Prof. Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam Noori, Director IIER, IUK & Co-convener, IUK Chapter of BIIT
Working Session 5: Presentation & Discussion on Faculty of Business Studies
09.10-09.20		:		Dr. M. Golam Mohiuddin, Department of Management
09.20-09.30		:		Dr. Md. Abu Sina, Department of Accounting
09.30-09.50		:		Discussion by the Participants
09.50-10.00		:		Remarks by Prof. Dr. Abdul Hannan Sheikh, Dean, Faculty of Business, IUK
10.00-10.30		:		Tea-Break
Working Session 6: Presentation & Discussion on Faculty of Humanities
10.30-10.40		:		Mr. Md. Abdul Bari, Department of Islamic History & Culture
10.40-10.50		:		Dr. Mustaq Muhammad Abdul Muktadir Monwar Ali, Department of Arabic Language & Literature
10.50-11.00		:		Mrs. Dilshad Shurma, Department of English
11.00-11.10		:		Dr. Md. Habibur Rahman, Department of Bengali
11.10-11.40		:		Discussion by Participant
11.40-12.00		:		Remarks by Prof. Dr. Mahfuzur Rahman, Former Chairman, Department of Arabic and Prof. Dr. M. Harun-ur-Rashid Askari, Former Chairman, Department of English
Concluding Session
12.00-12.10	:		Speech of Greetings			:		Mr. Md. Nazrul Islam, Director(P&D),IUK & Co-convener, IUK Chapter of BIIT
12.10-12.20	:		Concluding Remark			:		Prof. Dr. Omar Hasan Kasuli
12.20-12.30	:		Speech by the Chief Guest			:		Prof. Fayez M. Sherajul Hoq, Vice-Chancellor, Islamic University Kustia
12.30-12.40	:		Address by the Chair			:		Prof. Dr. Md. Abdur Rahman Anwari
12.40-12.45	:		Distribution of Certificates			:		by the Chief Guest
12.45-12.55	:		Vote of Thanks			:		Prof. Dr. Nasiruddin Mizi, Member Secretary, BIIT-IUK Chapter
12.55	:		End

           

Organized by: Bangladesh Institute of Islamic Thought (BIIT) - Islamic University Kushtia-Zhenaidah Chapter.

PAPERS BY PROF OMAR HASAN KASULE

1.      Islamic Epistemology And The Solution Of The Education Crisis

2.      Reforming A Curriculum

REPORTS BY DISCIPLINE WORKING GROUPS

1.      Islamization Of Knowledge With Special References To The Courses Of The Faculty Of Business Administration By Dr. Md Golam Mohiuddin

2.      Some Thoughts On Science, Qur’an And Curriculum Reforms: Md Shahjahan Ali, Department Of Applied Physics, Electronics And Communication Engineering Islamic University, Kushtia-7003. Shahjahan_Iu @ yahoo . com.

3.      Epistemology and Curriculum Reform Islamic History and Culture By BIIT, IU Chapter.

4.      Islamization of Knowledge: A focus on Theory and Practice of Islamizing Governance of Policy by Dr Begum Rokshana Mili, Associate Professor Department of Politics and Public Administration, Islamic University Kushtia.

ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE COURSES OF THE FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

by Dr. Md Golam Mohiuddin Associate Professor Dept of Management Islamic University, Kushtia Bangladesh Email: islamicmanagement_iium @ yahoo . com

Bismillahhir Rahmanir Rahim

INTRODUCTION:

There is no branch of knowledge in the world, which is separated from the main stream of revealed knowledge. Not a single research can be found which deny its association with divine knowledge and this divine knowledge came to a complete shape through Muhammad (SAW).

So to Islamize any branch of knowledge the Muslims, best nation declared by Allah, have take the initiative. This Islamization of knowledge is the demand of time and this will help develop our students to meet the challenges of time.

MEANING OF ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE:

To rid the general aspects of knowledge, which are associated with our practical life from, touch of disbelief, doubtfulness and pessimism and restructure them through analysis and explanation in the light of the sayings of Allah (SWT) and Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) is Islamization of Knowledge.

ISLAMIC EPISTEMOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF BASIC CONCEPTS AND PARADIGMS:

Allah is the only one source of knowledge. Man cannot know any small part of His knowledge but whatever He wants. The last Devine book, Al-Quran and the earlier books that He sent are full of different types of knowledge whatever is needed for man. A lot of glorious histories of the Muslim are present. Considering knowledge, now they are very poor. They don’t have any literature of the managerial systems of early successful leaders and businessmen who were Muslim in practice. However, the literatures we have and the basic sources of knowledge, al-Quran and the Sunnah, are not being studied properly by us and not practiced the lessons as well.

To build up the awareness among the practitioners and to spread the knowledge of Islam regarding any discipline and arena, we will have to try our best from every sector where we are.

ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY AND ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE:

Dual education system is the main problem of the Muslim Ummah. This education system can be attributed to the materialistic rule of the west and its civilization. And this education system is the root cause of the downfall of the Muslims. The branches of knowledge like modern science, philosophy, history, literature, Business Administration etc have influenced by disbelief, skepticism and pessimism instead of faith in Allah, Tauhid and accountability in the afterworld. On the other hand, the research of the Islamic scholars with defeated and constrictive attitude could not cope with the real condition and create sound environment to influence the society. To this end, Islamization of knowledge is a must and is the right place to do so. Islamic University will support the following activities:

§  To nursing originality of Islamic science and knowledge.

§  Buildup ideal Muslim Citizen.

§  Solving the contemporary problems of the Muslim Ummah.

§  To give institutional shape to Islam.

FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE:

There is ample scope to analyze and explain the courses of Faculty of Business Administration from the Islamic perspective. In 1500 years ago Arab Peninsula was famous for business. Makkah was the central place of business activities. So prophet Muhammad (saw) was born in a business environment and the holy Qur'an was reveled in a business society. We know Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) showed his efficiency as a businessman by administering the large business of his first wife khadijah (RA.).Prophet's well-reputed disciples were involved in Business.

As a result, we find in the Holy Qur’an and the Hadith various directions regarding trade and business administering. Besides this, in the beginning many Muslims involved themselves in business in various countries to spread Islam. The distinct characteristics of their business could draw the attention of common people. Thus from the time of prophet (SAW) and later through his disciples and later through business activities of Muslims in different times the attitude of Islam to business have been manifested to us. Follow these example we can take initiative to restructure the courses under Faculty of Business Administration through analysis and explanation in the light of the Holy Qur'an and Hadith.

THE NAME OF ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY CAN BE JUSTIFIED BY ISLAMIZATION OF FBA:

Islamic University has five faculties. We cannot say this as an Islamic University since the Shariah faculty offers Islamic courses. Dhaka University, Chittagong University and other secular universities and colleges also offer this sort of Islamic courses. But that does not make them Islamic institutions. Besides this, under the modern science faculty of Islamic University there are several departments, which are difficult to Islamize in the true sense. Computer is completely materialistic and dependent upon technology and there has been no constructive research of Islam on it. Then a question naturally arises –on which ground we can claim Islamic University as an Islamic institution. So we can say that the name of Islamic University can be justified by restructure the courses of Business Faculty form Islamic perspective. Because other universities and colleges; the courses of Business Administration are not being offered from Islamic perspective and only Islamic University taken this initiative to achieve the objective of this university. Only the faculty of Shariah cannot make Islamic University as an Islamic institution. The name of Islamic University can be justified as an Islamic institution by offering possible courses of Business Faculty from Islamic perspective.

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND PROPHET (SAW):

An incident is described below regarding the prophet (SAW) involvement in business for the information of those related with Business Administration. Before the prophethood his uncle Abu Taleb once said "Dear nephew; would you like a job to meet your daily needs?" The young Mohammad (SAW) accepted this proposal and his uncle took him to the then rich businesswoman khadizatul kubra (RA).

In response to the seeking of job mother khadizatul kubra (R.A.) told Abu Talb, “You are from a noble family, are your nephew literate?" Abu Taleb said, “He cannot read". "Would he like the job of a shepherd?" The uncle said, “Let me ask him". Mother khadizatul kubra said; "you have kept your nephew waiting outside, please bring him in and let me look" Once she described, " when I saw my husband for the first time in life, I found him standing under the sky and a patch of cloud was shedding him”. As a candidate Mohammad (SAW) did not face any problem regarding Job with honor in the business of wise and rich khadizatul kubra (R.A.). Very soon he became the manager of the business of mother khadizatul kubra due to his honesty, efficiency, personality, unique character and intelligence. We find him here as a Business Administrator. Then he left for business in different countries. He earned from in business and appeared as a successful business. If Mohammed (SAW) did not have the knowledge of business administration how could he perform his duty as a successful manager? Later in the history we find evidence that his success in the business helped him a lot to establish a base of reformation in society through prophetic mission. So, to render labor and knowledge in Business Administration is the Sunnah of prophet (SAW) and a great prayer. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said-A truthful businessman will be in the day of judgement with prophet, martyrs and good doers. Let us enlighten the Faculty of Business Administration with the teachings of Mohammad (SAW) through our mutual efforts and achieve the welfare of this world and hereafter.

The prospective proposals to Islamize the courses in the Faculty of Business Administration:

a)     To make Islamic concept obligatory

§  To moderate question papers from Islamic point of view.

§  To keep 20% question form Islamic perspective.

§  To prepare course contents by Islamic experts. 

§  To make faculty members accountable to Islamic experts. 

b)     To formulate Islamization of knowledge committee for each course.

c)      To train faculty members and help them with resource materials.

d)     To arrange special orientation program for Islamize students.

e)     To provide special incentive bonus to those who are concerned with Islamization of knowledge.

f)       To make a panel of experts of Islamization of knowledge.

    

A BRIEF PROPOSAL FOR ISLAMIZATION OF THE COURSES OF MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT AT ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY KUSHTIA:

There is an ample opportunity to Islamize management courses. According to the Holy Quran, Holy prophet (SAW) and companions (RA) faced a lot of problems in managing the Islamic state and they solved these problems by introducing divine principles and guidance given by Allah (SWT). Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) contributions and the contributions of four caliphs were great to the development of management. Management is applied in attaining the objectives of family life, society, national, international organizations.

A) Existing courses structures of Management Department:

Existing courses curriculum of Management department are not un-Islamic, but I want to say about Islamic value based courses and concepts which is the main mission of this university according to it Statutes, Acts and other legal documents. There are so many Islamic Universities in Bangladesh. They have introduced different Islamic value based department and courses in their Business Faculties. For example in University Islamic Science Malaysia they have introduced a department entitled Department of Dawah and Islamic Management. Besides these different pure applied Islamic courses they have introduced in different name at BBA and MBA levels. In Islamic University Kushtia there are near about forty courses have been taught in Management Department of Business Faculty. Among them the following two courses are thoroughly Islamic

a. Islamic Economics and Islamic Business Management

b. Islamic Studies.

The other partial portions in different courses are as follows:

c. Human Resource Management in Islam (Human Resource Management)

d. Islamic Insurance (Insurance and Risk Management)

e. Leadership in Islam (Management Process)

f. Commercial Law in Islam (Legal Environment in Business).

g. International Human Resource Management (International Management).

h. Total Quality Management: An Islamic Perspective (Total Quality Management)

i. Business Ethics in Islam (Business Ethics).

h. Islamic Banking (Management of the Banks and Financial Institutions)

B). Proposed Courses Concepts for the Management Department:

The following major and general issues may be considered as individual course, major portion of courses and some times as contents of the courses:

(1). Leadership & Motivation: Islamic Perspective

a. Islamic Leaderships in 21st Century.

b. Contemporary Muslim Leadership Crisis and Prophecies of Muhammad (saw).

c. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) As A Term Leader.

d. Muhammad (SAW) As A Transformational Leader.

e. Ethical Leadership: A Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Islamic Thought.

f. Woman Leadership: Islamic Views.

(2). Immoral Issues of Management: Islam Solutions:

a. Human Related Corruption.

b. Administration Corruption.

c. Business Related Corruption.

d. Women and Family Related Corruption.

e. Financial Corruption.

f. Corruption in Atomic Power.

(3). Organizational Development: Islamic Viewpoints

a. Structuring an Effective Organization in Islam.

b. Organizational Development Issues in 21^st Century: An Islamic Guide.

c. Organizational Development by Islamic Motivational Tools.

d. Managerial Problems of Muslim NGOs.

e. Management by Shura for Organizational Development.

f. Islamic Leadership Roles for Organizational Development: An Islamic Perspective

(4). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Islamic Approach

a. Social Service Management in Islam.

b. Social Responsibility Motive: Western and Islamic Views.

c. Social Services Performed by Early Muslims.

d. Environmental Management in Islam.

(5). Operation Management: Islamic Perspective

a. Operations Strategy

b. Process Management

c. Capacity Planning

d. Inventory Management

e. Just-in-time

f. Supply-chain Management.

(6). Financial Management: An Islamic Perspective

a. Project Financing : Islamic Perspective

b. Project Risk Management: Islamic Perspective

c. Capital Budgeting Practices Under Islamic Perspective

d. Working Capital Financing: An Islamic Perspective

f. Hybride and Dérivative Financing: An Islamic Perspective.

(7). Marketing Management : An Islamic Perspective

a. Promotional Management: Islamic Perspective

b. Customer Relationship Management and Islam

c. Demand Management: Islamic Perspective

d. Pricing Approaches and Confederation in Islamic View Points.

e. Product Innovation and Its Islamic Perspective.

Other Major Issues are as Follows:

a. Islamic Bank Management

b. Business Ethics and Islam

c Contributions of Islam in Management

d. Enlightened Marketing and Islam

e. Human Resource Management and Development: An Islamic Perspective

f. Accounting and Auditing: An Islamic Perspective

g. Zakat and Tax Management: An Islamic Perspective

h. Industrial Relations: An Islamic Perspective

i. Islamic Approach in Micro Finance

j. Managerial Economics: An Islamic Perspective

k. International Business Management in Islam

l. Entrepreneurship in Islam

m. Strategic Management: An Islamic Perspective

n. Conflict Management: An Islamic Perspective

o. Property Management: An Islamic Management

OTHER GENERAL ISSUES:

• Management Functions in Islam
• Islamic Management for Excellence
• Human Resource Management for excellence-Islamic Perspective
• Islamic Management for Banks
• Employer-Employee Management or Relationship in Islam
• Decision Making Process in Islam
• Time Management for productivity: Islamic Perspective
• Management Values in Islam
• Islamic Management and Culture
• Enlightened Marketing Concept in Islam
• Total Quality Management (TQM) in Islam
• Ethics in Management or Management Ethics in Islam or Corporate Governance-A Complete Guideline in Islam
• Accountability and Transparency in Islam
• Financial Management Guidelines in Islam
• Marketing Management in Islam
• Modernity in Advertising and Islamic Perspective
• Management of Modes of Investments/ Financing in Islamic Banks
• Strategic Management and Islamic Perspective
• Production Management: An Islamic Perspective
• Management Practices in Islamic Insurance Companies or Takaful Management
• Food Adulteration: Islamic Views
• Islam in Self-Help System
• Quality of Work Life
• Management of Islamic Banks
• Macro-Economic Management-Islamic Perspective

A BRIEF PROPOSAL FOR ISLAMIZATION OF THE COURSES OF ACCOUNTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEM DEPARTMENT AT ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY KUSHTIA:

In Accounting and Information System department there is no single Islamic course has been introduced. I don’t like to mean that their existing courses are un-Islamic. But if we investigate the other Islamic Universities of the world we find that so many pure applied Islamic courses they are teaching at BBA and MBA levels of accounting department. The following courses may be considered as the part and parcel of the curriculum of the mentioned department:

1. Accounting and Auditing: An Islamic Perspective;

2. Islamic Financial System;

3. Islamic Banking;

4. Tax and Zakat Accounting;

5. Islamic Economics;

6. Insurance and Takaful Management;

7. Wages and Fiscal Accounting: An Islamic Perspective;

8. E-Commerce: An Islamic Perspective.

REFERENCES WHICH ARE SUPPORTING TO ISLAMIZATION:

For the Islamization of knowledge the resource materials can be collected with the help of following institute and publication centers:

1. American journal of Islamic social science

2. IIIT: International Institute of Islamic thought.

3. Publications of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

4. BIIT: Bangladesh Institute of Islamic thought.

5. Thoughts of economics: Islamic economic Research Bureau.

6. Islamic Foundation

7. Australian accounting society

8. Different university studies etc.

The Impediments for Islamization of knowledge and Environment:

1. Lack of faculty members with Islamic orientation.

2. Indifferent attitude of the students.

3. Lack of Islamic Environment.

4. The authority is not taking initiative to establish Islamization of knowledge as a culture of Islamic University.

5. Compromising attitude of the authority about “dress code” and “obligation for salat”.

6. Non cooperative mentality of the faculty members.

CONCLUSION:

The Muslim world is now putting impassion on Islamization of knowledge, to create awareness about the importance and objective of Islamic education. This was reflected in the second “world Muslim conference” at Mecca moazzama in 1977. They proposed, "Education should aim at the balanced growth of the total personality of man through the training of mains sprit, intellect, the national self, feelings and bodily senses. Education should, therefore, cater for the growth of man in all it aspects, spiritual, intellectual, imaginative, physical, scientific, linguistic, both individually and collectively and motivate all these aspects towards goodness and the attainment of perfection. The ultimate aim of Muslim education lies in the realization of complete submission on the level of individual, the community at large."

The Muslim world will deign the prescribed syllabus keeping in mind the above objective and restructure, administer and utilize the knowledge in such a way so that, a learner will buildup himself to declare always “Oh Allah ! My prayer, my sacrifice, my life and death all are for you”. (Surah Anam)

We have to restructure that knowledge of the western culture, which are related with our life and education and contradictory to our Islamic principles. The knowledge of each subject is to be rearranged from the Islamic perspective. We have to make the education system lively and establish it as the safeguard of the Muslim Ummah.

Attached herewith are three references sheets on the materials on Islamic business issues which are available in our hand. Relevant authorities can Islamize their courses of Business Faculty by the following:

REFERENCES SHEET-1

List of Articles & Books: Business & Management Coerces

1. Introduction to Business

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Can Business Apply Islamism	Md Abdul Hannan Mia, ACMA Md Abdul Mannan
02	Business Organization in Islam	Tazul Islam
03	Trade and Commerce in the Eye of  Islam(Bengali Version)	Dr Muhammed Habib Ullah

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Islam & Business	Nik Mohammad Affandi bin Niq Yousof
02	Business Ethics in Islam	Mustaq Ahmed
03	Ethics in Business & Management	Khalid Ahmad & Abul Hasan, M. Sadeq
04	Islamic Business Ethics	Rafiq Issa Beekun
05	Morality in Trade Under the Perspective in Islam	M. Shafiq Ahmed
06	Contemporary Business Towards the Development of Islamic Business Management	IIUM.

2. Investment Analysis:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Efficiency in Resource Allocation, Investment Decisions and Welfare Criteria under Capitalism, Socialism and Islamic Economic System: A Comparative Analysis.	Md Abdul Mannan Chowdhury’ Professor of Economics, C.U

3. Psychology:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Psychology and Religion: Their Relationship and Integration from an Islamic Perspective	Amber Haque, Asstt Professor, IIUM
02	Islamization of Psychology: From Adaptation to Sublimation	Louay M Safi, Associate Professor, IIUM

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01

4. Entrepreneurship:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Entrepreneurship Development and Islam	Prof A.H.M. Habibur Rahman, Former Dean, Faculty of Commerce, D.U
02	Entrepreneurship as a Factor for Economic Development: A Case Study on Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd.	Md Omar Al Farooque, Asst Professor, Finance and Banking, D.U Mohammed Jamal Uddin, Lecturer, Acc, Islami University , Khustia
03	Entrepreneurship That Failed in Mughal India	Mehboob Ahmad, Lecturer, International Institute of Islamic Economics , Intl Islamic University , Islamabad, Pakistan
04	Achievement Motivation, Entrepreneurship, Growth and Economic Development in Islam	A.H.M. Sadeq, Asst Professor D.U
05	Towards an Islamic Model of Entrepreneurship	A.F.M. Nuruddin Chowdury

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Islamic Management for Excellency	Syed Othaman Al Habshi, et.al

5.  Mathematics:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Mathematics	S.M. Sharfuddin and A.F.M Abdur Rahman

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Muslim’s Contributions in Mathematics	Preserved in Islamic Foundation Library & Ibn-Sina Trust Library.

6.  Accounting:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Islamic Accounting Standards	Shadia Rahman
02	The Basic Principles of Islamic Economy and Their Effects on Accounting Standards Setting	Mohammad R.Taheri, Associate Professor of Shahid Chamran University, Iran
03	Accounting Standards Needs for Islamic Banks: Some Thoughts	Muhammed Hossain, Asst Professor Muhammad Aynul Islam, Assistant Professor
04	The Need for Fundamental Research in Islamic Accounting	Shahul Hameed Bin Hj. Mohammad Ibrahim
05	Accounting Needs of Islamic Banking	Abdul Wassay Haqiqi and Professor Felix Pomeranz
06	Accounting Postulates in the Islamic Viewpoints	Ellogoni Abdul Qader Ahmed

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Accounting Ethics, Principles: An Islamic Perspective	Zaherul Islam
02	Internet Search: Course contents on Accounting: An Islamic Perspective	Available in a University of Arab Emirate

7. Industrial Relations:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	An Islamic Framework for Employer- Employee Relationships	M Ramzan Akther, Asstt Professor of Intl Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
02	The Framework of Islamic Labor law	Md Ataur Rahman, Professor, Department of Management D.U
03	Scientific Management in Islam	Dr. Md. Golam Mohiuddin Associate Professor, Dept. of Management, IU-Kushtia Janal Yasin Sherif Assistant Professor, ELSC, IIUC

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Industrialization: An Islamic Perspectives	Adit Al Gazali
02	Workers Rights in Islam	Janal Masud Shahed

8. Islamic Insurance:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Takaful –An Islamic Alternative to Insurance	Md Fadzli Yousuf
02	General Insurance and Islamic Shariyah	Maulana Abdur Rahim, Janab Shah Abdul Hannan,Mr M Azizul Haque,Maulana Farid Uddin Masud,Mr Nur Muhammad Akond
03	Conventional Insurance and Islamic Insurance-A Comparative Analysis	Begum Ismat Ara Haque
04	The Arts of Insurance in Bangladesh : Islamic Perspective	Muhammad Shafiullah

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Islamic Banking and Insurance	Proceeding of Seminar, IBBL
02
03	Insurance in Islamic Economics	Muhammad Najatullah Siddiqi

9. Tax and Zakat Accounting:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Zakat: Unresolved Issues in the Contemporary Fiqh	Dr Monzur Kahf
02	Islamic Criteria for the Distribution of Tax Burden	S.M Hasanuzzaman
03	Financing Socio –Economic Development with Zakat Funds	Muhammad Anwar

10.  Marketing:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Ethical Marketing: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Islamic Thoughts	Professor A.J.M Nuruddin Chy. Ex VC University of Chittagong
02	Protection of Consumer Rights through Islamic Approach in Bangladesh: Issue and Challenges of 21st Century in a New Global Order	Prof Nurul Karim. Deptt. of Management. CU.
03	Market From Islamic Perspective and the contribution of Muslim Scholars
04	Islam on Marketing	Prof.Syed Rashidul Hassan.DU.
05	Some Issues Related to Islamic Common Market	Dr Md Habibullah.DU.
06	Advertisement in the perspective of Islam and Modern world (Bengali Version)	Dr Muhammad Shafiqul Islam and Md Ruhul Amin

Related list of Books & Thesis:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Towards Islamic Common Market	IERB
02	Thesis on: Islamic Marketing System	M. Wadud

11. Islamic Commercial Law:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Islamic Commercial Law: An Analysis of Options	Md Hassim Kamali

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01

12. Business Finance in Bangladesh:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Problems and Prospects of Financing Rural Micro Enterprise Projects under Islamic Shariyah: Bangladesh Perspective	Md Abdul Hannan Mia, ACMA Md Abdul Mannan
02	Business Organization in Islam	Prof  Dr S.M Ather and Prof Dr Muhammad Loqman

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Principles of Islamic Financing	Munzar Khaf & Tarikullah Khan
02	Toward Islamic Financial Market	Arshad Ahmed
03	Islamic Financial Institution	M. Fahim Khan

13. Production Management:

Related list of Articles:

Serial	Name of the Topic	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Production Management: An Islamic Perspectives	Dr. Md. Golam Mohiuddin & Dr. Mr. Ruhul Amin
02	Production & Operation	Prof. Dr.Musharaf Hussain
03

Related list of Books:

Serial	Name of the Book	Name of the Author	Remarks
01	Industrialization: An Islamic Perspective	Aidit Bin Haji
02	Worker’s Rights in Islam	Jamal Masud

14. Research Methodology:

Serial	Name of the Articles	Name of the Author	Remarks
1.	Methodology of Research in Business Administration and Management-An Islamic Perspective	Prof Dr Muhammad Loqman
2.	Research Methodology: Islamic Perspective	Dr. S. M Ali Akkas
3	Methodology of Research in Economics: An Islamic Perspective	Abdul Awal Sarker
4.	General Overview of Research Methodology: A Comparative Study of Western and Islamic Approach	Dr. Abul Hossain
5.	Designing and Conducting Research: Humanistic Ethical and Islamic Approach	Dr. S.M.Ali Akkas
6.	Islamization of Knowledge: A Search for an Islamic Epistemology	M. Zohurul Islam.FCA

15. Human Resource Management:

Serial	Name of Articles	Author
1.	Human Resource Management: An Islamic Perspective	Dr.Ruhul Amin & Dr Md Golam Mohiuddin
2.	Islamic Ethics in Human Resource Management	Abul Hasan M.Sadeq
3.	Firm Level Decisions and Human Resource Development in an Islamic Economy	Abdul Aziz

REFERENCES SHEET-2(BIIT)

Articles

§ Chapra, M. Umer. "The Prohibition of Riba in Islam: An Evaluation of Some Objections." 1:2/23 AJISS

§ Arif, Muhammad, "Toward the Shariah Paradigm of Islamic Economics: The Beginning of a Scientific Revolution." 2:1/79 AJISS

§ Darrat, Ali F. "Are Checking Accounts in American Banks Permissible Under Islamic Law?" 2:1/101 AJISS

§ Raquibuz Zaman, M. "The Operation of the Modern Financial Markets for Stocks and Bonds and its Relevance to an Islamic Economy." 3:1/125 AJISS

§ Choudhury, Masudul Alam. "Micro-Economic Foundation of Islamic Economics: A Study in Social Economics." 3:2/231 AJISS

§ Tomkins, Cyril and Rifat Ahmed 'Abdel Karim. "The Shariah and Its Implications for Islamic Financial Analysis: An Opportunity to Study Interactions Among Society, Organizations, and Accounting." 4:1/101 AJISS

§ Anwar, Muhammad. "Islamic Justice in a Monetary System: A Modest Proposal." 4:1/135 AJISS

§ Mirakhor, Abbass. "Muslim Scholars and the History of Economics." 4:2/245 AJISS

§ Mahdi, Syed Iqbal. "Consumption Function in Islamic Economics." 1:2/113 AJISS

§ Abwar, Muhammad, "Reorganization of Islamic Banking: A New Proposal." 4:2/295 AJISS

§ Akram Khan, M. "Commodity Exchange and Stock Exchange in Islamic Economy." 5:1/91 AJISS

§ Raquibuz Zaman, M. "Some Issue in Risk Management." 5:2/263 AJISS

§ Sadeq, A.H.M. "Mobilization of Resources for Development"  6:2/239 AJISS

§ Bendjilali, Boualem and Farid B. Taher. "Zero Efficiency Loss Monopolist: An Islamic Perspective." 7:2/219 AJISS

§ Sattar, Zaidi. "A Dynamic Investment Model With Profit-Sharing in an Interest-Free Economy: Methodological Issues." 8:1/109 AJISS

§ Choudhury, Masudul A. "Social Choice in an Islamic Economic Framework." 8:2/259 AJISS

§ Abdel-Kawi, Ola and James Kole. "An Islamic Perspective on the Expectancy-Valency Theory." 8:3/453 AJISS

§ el-Badawi, Mohamed H. and Sultan. M. al- Sultan "Net Working Capital Versus Net Owner's Equity Approaches to Computing Zakatable Amount: A Conceptual Comparison and Application." 9:1/69 AJISS

§ Abdel Hameed M. Bashir and Ali F. Darrat. "Equity Participation Contracts and Investment: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results." 9:2/219 AJISS

§ Ahmad, Imtiaz U. "Islam and the Economic Challenge." 9:4/546 AJISS

§ Ebrahim, Muhammad-Shahid and Zafar A. Hasan. "Mortgage Financing for Muslim Americans."  10:1/72 AJISS

§ Abdul Aziz. "Firm Level Decisions and Human Resource Development in an Islamic Economy." 10:2/201 AJISS

§ Akhtar, M. Ramzan. "Modeling the Economic Growth of an Islamic Economy." 10:4/791 AJISS

§ Eid, Florence. "Studies of Islam, Economics, and Governance: A Survey of Some New Development." 11:1/38 AJISS

§ Kahf, Monzer. "Budget Deficits and Public Borrowing Instruments in an Islamic Economic System." 11:2/200 AJISS

§ Ansari, Mohammed I, "Islamic Perspectives on Sustainable Development." 11:3/394 AJISS

§ Anjum, Muhammad Iqbal. “An Islamic Scheme of Equitable Distribution of Income and Wealth." 12:2/224 AJISS

§ Pomeranz, Felix. "Business Ethics: The Perspective of Islam." 12:3/400 AJISS

§ Saeed, Abdullah. "The Moral Context of the Prohibition of Riba in Islam Revisited." 12:4/496 AJISS

§ Khan, Muhammad Akram. "The Role of Government in the Economy." 14:2/155.

§ Sultan, Arif. "WTO Successor to GATT: Implications for the Muslim World." 14:2/172 AJISS

§ El-Ansary, Waleed. "The Spiritual Significance of Jihad in Economics." 14:2/231 AJISS

§ Al Alwani, Taha Jabir. "The Role of Islamic Ijtihad in the Regulation and Correction of Capital Markets." 14:3/39 AJISS

§ Iqbal , Zamir. "The Benchmark Issue in the Islamic Financial System." 16:2/45 AJISS

§ El-Sheikh, Salah. "Sirat al-Mustaqim and Hikma: A Qur'anic View of Socioeconomic Behavior, Economic Discourse and Method." 16:2/55 AJISS

§ Khan, Muhammad Akram. "Islamic Economics: "The State of the Art." 16:2/89 AJISS

§ Yavas, Abdullah, "Experimental Tests of the Homo Economics." 16:4/1 AJISS

§ Chapra, M Umer. "Socioeconomic and Political Dynamics in Ibn Khaldun's Thought." 16:4/17 AJISS

§ Kahf, Monzer. "Financing the Development of Awqaf Property." 16:4/39 AJISS

§ Koylu, Mustafa. "War Industry and Unjust Distribution as a Global Problem." 16:4/67 AJISS

§ Ashour, Yousif. "The Importance of Murabaha in Long-Term Finance Programs in the Banking Industry." 16:4/87 AJISS

§ Chapra, M Umer. "Is Rationalism Possible in the Muslim World?" 16:4/103 AJISS

§ Sulaiman, Maliah & Roger Willet. “Islam, Economic Rationalism and Accounting." 18:2/61 AJISS

§ Hassan, M. Kabir & Faridul Islam. "Prospect and Problems of a Common Market: An Empirical Examination of the OIC Countries." 18:4/19 AJISS

CONFERENCE REPORT / RECOMMENDATION

01.	The Seminar on Islamic Economics (March 28-29, 1987)	Vol. 4	Num. 1	P-147, AJISS
02.	Second Annual Economics Seminar Rabi al Akhir 8-10, 1409/November 18-20, 1988	Vol. 5	Num. 2	P-317, AJISS
03.	The Third International Zakah Conference Muhammad Arif.	Vol. 7	Num. 2	P-279, AJISS
04.	Report on the Third Seminar on Islamic Economics : Resource Mobilization and Investment in an Islamic Framework. By Zaidi Sattar	Vol. 8	Num. 1	P-181, AJISS
05.	Second International Conference on Ethico-Economics :  Ethical Foundation of the Economics and Social Order. By Omar Altalib	Vol. 8	Num. 3	P-567, AJISS
06.	Third International Conference on Islamic. Economics. By Muhammad Anwar	Vol. 9	Num. 3	P-427, AJISS
07.	Summary of the Proceeding of the Fourth International Economics Seminar. By Ehsan Ahmad	Vol. 9	Num. 4	P-584, AJISS
08.	International Conference on Islamic Economics in the 21st Century By Omar M. Kamal	Vol. 16	Num. 4	P-145, AJISS
09.	Fifth Harvard University Forum Islamic Finance : Dynamics and Development By Zaid Albarzinji	Vol. 19	Num. 3	P-156, AJISS

Book Review:

01.	Towards an Interest-Free Islamic Economic System. By Waqar Mosood Khan, Reviewed by Muhammad Anwar	Vol. 3	Num. 1	P-157-160, AJISS
02.	Islamic Justice In a Monetary System : A Modest Proposal Reviewed by Muhammad Anwar	Vol. 4	Num. 1	P-135-139, AJISS
03.	The Muslim Word: Geography and Development By Dr. Mushtaqur Rahman, Reviewed by Ikram Aaam	Vol. 6	Num. 1	P-170-172, AJISS
04.	Modelling Interest-Free Free Economy : A Study in Macro-Economics and Development By Ehsan Ahmad	Vol. 7	Num. 1	P-111-112, AJISS
05.	Revolution and Economic Transition : The Iranian Experience By Hooshang Amirahmadi, Reviewed by Abdel-Hamid Bashir	Vol. 8	Num. 2	P-340-341, AJISS
06.	Revolution and Economic Transition : The Iranian Experience By Hooshang Amirahmadi, Reviewed by Abdul- Hamid Bashir	Vol. 8	Num. 2	340-341, AJISS
07.	Islamic Law and Finance Reviewed by Ali R. Darrat	Vol. 8	Num. 3	P-549-551, AJISS
08.	Merchant Capital and Islam By Mahmood Ibrahim, Reviewed by Muhammad Q. Zaman.	Vol. 8	Num. 3	P-557-561, AJISS
09.	Business and Accounting Ethics in Islam By Trevor Gambling and Rifaat Ahmet Abdel Karim, Reviewed by Muhammad Akram Khan	Vol. 9	Num. 3	P-418-419, AJISS
10.	Islam and the Economic Challenge By M. Umer Chapra, Reviewed by Imtiaz Uddin Ahmad	Vol. 9	Num. 4	P-546-555, AJISS
11.	On Islamic Accounting :  Its Future Impact on Western Accounting By Toshikazy Hayashi, Reviewed by Muhammad Akram Khan.	Vol. 11	Num. 1	P-120-121, AJISS
12.	Barking and Finance : Islamic Concept By Reviewed by Osman Suliman.	Vol. 11	Num. 2	P-266-268, AJISS
13.	Islam and Economic Development Reviewed by Shujjat A. Khan.	Vol. 11	Num. 3	P-441-443, AJISS
14.	Islamic Banking in Pakistan: The Future Path By Muhammad Akram Khan, Reviewed by Shujaat A. Khan	Vol. 12	Num. 4	P-576-578, AJISS
15.	An Introduction to Islamic Economic By Muhammad Akram Khan, Reviewed by Zubair Hasan			P-580-585, AJISS
16.	Economic Doctrines of Islam: A Stuby in the Doctrines of Islam and Their Implications for Poverty, Employment and Economic Growth By Irfan Ul Haq, Reviewed by Imtiazuddin Ahmad	Vol. 14	Num. 2	P-283-286, AJISS
17.	Multicultural Counseling Competencies : Individual and Organizational Development By D.W. Sue et al., Reviewed by R. Sarah Shoaee	Vol. 15	Num. 4	P-130-133, AJISS
18.	Islamic Banking Reviewed by Muhammad Anwar	Vol. 20	Num. 3&4	P-220-222, AJISS
19.	Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Context. Reviewed by Egbert Harmsen	Vol. 21	Num. 4	P-128-131, AJISS
20.	Al-Wakalah and Customer's Preferences toward It : A Case Study of Two Takaful Companies in Malaysia. By Hairul Azlan Annuar	Vol. 22	Num. 1	P-28, AJISS
21.	Confessions of an Economic Hitman. Reviewed by Jay Willoughby	Vol. 22	Num. 2	P-124-126, AJISS
22.	Islamic Banking and Finance in Theory and Practice : The Experience of Malaysia and Bahrain.	Vol. 22	Num. 2	P-69, AJISS
23.	The Rebirth of Uzbekistan: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Post-Soviet Era	Vol. 22	Num. 4	P-103-105, AJISS
24.	The Time Value of Money Concept in Islamic Finance.	Vol. 23	Num. 1	P-66, AJISS

BOOKS ON ECONOMICS/BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION/ MANAGEMENT/MARKETING/FINANCE

Sl. No.	Name of the Book	Name of the Author
1.	Indexation of Financial Assets: An Islamic Evaluation	M. Hasanuzzaman
2.	Islamic Business Ethics	Rafik Issa Beekum
3.	Economic Doctrines if Islam	irfanul Haq
4.	Resource Mobilization of Investment in an Islamic Economic Framework	Ed. Zaidi Satter
5.	An Introduction to Islamic Economics	Muhammad Akram Khan
6.	Islam & economic Development	M. Umer Chapra
7.	Contribution of Islamic Thought to Modern Economics	Ed. Misbah Oreibi
8.	Role of Private and Public Sectors in Economic Development in an Islamic Perspective	Ed. Ehsan Ahmed
9.	Text Book On Islamic Banking	Ed. Kabir Hassan
10.	Islamic Bank And Insurance	Ed. Md. Sharif Hussain
11.	Scheduled Bank Statistics	Bangladesh Bank
12.	Towards a Just Monetary System	M. Umer Chapra
13.	Socio –economic Development, Human Welfare	Md. Solaiman mandal
14.	Classified Bibliography on Islamic Economics	Dr.  Sabrys Shaban
15.	Elimination of RIBA From The Economy	Khurshed Ahmed
16.	Thoughts on Islamic Economics	Islamic Economic Research Bureau
17.	China's Opening to Outside World: The Experiment With........	Robert Kleinberg
18.	Towards An Islamic Common Market	Ed. Ayubur Rahman
19.	Islam The Economic Challenge	Mr. Umer Chapra
20.	Globalization and the Muslim World	Mr. Kabir Hassan
21.	Accounting, Philosophy, Ethics and Principles	M. Zahurul Islam
22.	Guidelines to Islamic Economics: Mature Concepts And principles	M. Raihan Sharif
23.	Al-Zakah : A Handbook of Zakah Administration	M. Zahurul Islam
24.	On Openness Integration And Economic Growth	Rock Antone Mehonna
25.	A Dynamic Analysis Of Trade and Development in Islamic Countries Selected Case Studies	Dr. Masudul Alam Chowdhury
26.	Business Ethics in Islam	Mustaq Ahmed
27.	Islam &a new International Economic Order: The Social Dimension
28.	Privatizing Industrial Regulatory Functions in Bangladesh	Sandrel Reza
29.	Modeling Interest: Free Economy	Mohammad Anwar
30.	Poverty and Technology	Dr.M. Shamser Ali
31.	Food Policy & Politics: A Perspective on Agricultural Development	George Horwich
32.	Islamic Economics : Principles and Applications	Prof. Raihan Sharif
33.	The Future of Economics: Islamic Perspective	M. Umer Chapra
34.	Market Economy of Bangladesh	Golam Kibria
35.	Corporate Govt. & Islamic Financial Institutions.	M. Umer Chapra
36	Role of Zakah and Awqaf in Poverty alleviation	Hibib Ahmad
37.	A micro-economic model of an Islamic Bank	Habib Ahmed
38.	On the experience of Islamic agricultural Finance in Sudan: challenges of Sustainability	Adam B. Ehiraika
39.	Outlines of U.S. Economy	U.S. Dept. of State
40.	History of Urban Form	A.E. J. Morrirs
41.	Through Muslim Eyes	Emad Eldin Shahin
42.	Indexation of Financial Assets	S.M. Hasamzzaman
43.	Migrant workers contribution	Zahid Zamir
44.	Islamic Banking System	Sudin Haron
45.	Credit Management in Commercial Banks.	Iftekhar Uddin Ahmed.
46.	Islamic Banking and Finance	Saad Al-Harran
47.	Market Economy and Bangladesh	Golam Kibria
48.	Globalization or Recolorisation	Ali Mohammad & Muhammad Absan.
49.	Country Economic Memorandum from stabilizing to Growth
50.	World Economic Outlook	IMF
51.	Islam and a new International Economic Order: The Social Dimension	ILO
52.	Banking Institutions in Developing Markets	World Bank
53.	Resource Mobilization.	Zaidi Sattar
54.	Islam and Economic Challenge	M. Umar Chapra

REFERENCE SHEET: 3

Sl.	Name of the Book	Author
1.	Leadership: An Islamic Perspective	–	Rafiqul Issa Beeken & Jamal Badabi
2.	Management From Islamic Perspective	–	Naciur Jabnoum
3.	Islam & Management	–	Naciur Jabnoum
4.	Islam & Business	–	Nik Mohammad Affandi bin Niq Yousof
5.	Leadership Dynamism	–	Mustafa Kamal Ayub
6.	Islamic Management for Excellence	–	Syed Othaman Al Habshi ... et al...
7.	Prophet Muhammad’s Leadership	–	Ismail Noor
8.	Text Book of Islamic Banking	–	Kabir Hassan
9.	Readings in Islamic Management	–	Ismail Noor
10.	Quality Management: An Islamic Perspective	–	Abul Hasan M. Sadeq
11.	Industrialization: An Islamic Perspective	–	Adit Al Gazali
12.	Business Ethics in Islam	–	Mustaq Ahmed
13.	Ethics in Business And Management	–	Khalid Ahmad & Abul Hasan M. Sadeq
14.	Loyalty and Leadership in Early Islamic Society	–	P. Muttaheda
15.	The Islamic Polity and Political Leadership	–	Mehrar Tamadinfar
16.	Islamic Value and Management	–	Syed Othaman Al Habshi and Aidit Ghazali
17.	Principles of Islamic Financing	–	Munzar Khaf & Tarikullah Khan
18.	Toward Islamic Financial Market	–	Aushah Ahmed
19.	Towards Islamic Common Market	–	IERB
20.	Islamic Financial Institution	–	M. Fahim Khan
21.	Insurance in Islamic Economy	–	Mohammad Najatulla Siddiqi
22.	Muhammad as a Military Leader	–	Afzalur Rahman
23.	Islamic Business Ethics	–	Rafiq Issa Beekun
24.	Towards Islamic English	–	Ismail Raji Al Faruqi
25.	Morality in Trade Under the Perspective in Islam	–	Md. Shafiq Ahmed
26.	Islami Thinking on Economics, Administration and Transaction	–	Hakim Mohammed Said
27.	Islam, Knowledge and Ethics	–	Othaman Al habshi
28.	Toward an Islamic Managerial Alternative: An Islamic Analysis Faysal Islamic Bank of Egypt	–	Ali Abdul Fath
29.	Contemporary Business Towards the Development of Islamic Business Management	–	IIUM
30.	Leadership: Western and Islamic	–	Anisuzzaman & Majumder
31.	Imamat and Leadership	–	Syed Mutaba
32.	Islamic Management and Present Applications in Bangladesh	–	Md. Golam Mohiuddin
33.	Islamic Banking and Insurance, Proceeding of Seminar	–	IBBL
34.	E-Commerce in Islam		Malaysian Book
35.	The Role of Private & Public Sectors in Economic Development in an Islamic Perspective		Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS)

EPISTEMOLOGY AND CURRICULUM REFORM ISLAMIC HISTORY AND CULTURE. By BIIT, IU CHAPTER

Definition of History

History is the past event of human life. In another sense an account of what has happened, narrative, story and tale. We see in an international dictionary that history is a branch of knowledge that record and explain past events as steps in the sequence of human activities, the study of character and significance of human activities, used with qualifying object.

Meaning of Culture

Art, literature, and other intellectual of a particular society or time.

        

Classification

This is the age of specialization.  So history consists of many subdivisions now a day. Such as

• Composite  History
• History and Culture of Asian People
• Medieval and Modern Indian History
• Western History
• Arab Culture and Civilization, etc.

Specially, in our country we know that

• History
• Art and Archeology
• Islamic History and Culture.

Development of History

We know that Herodotus is the Father of History. He wrote a book entitled ‘The Histories’. He did not follow actual historical methods. When he was writing the book, he did not investigate the facts also. So, reviewers said about him, he was a father of lies. After Herodotus, Thucydides was a next historian of Greece. He wrote history as a conscious and efficient historian. He was also animated than previous historian. He was followed the methods of history.                                                                                                                                

After Greece, Arabia was a next place where the History was expanded. Because in the life time of Muhammad (SAW), his followers tried to follow the Qur’an and Sunnah. In the same way for their faith, Khilafat of Abu Bakr (R.), Omar (R.), Usman (R) and Ali (R.) they have collected the Hadiths after death of Prophet (SM). In the primary stage Muhaddis (those are well known about Hadiths) have advanced to write history. This work was only for their religious attitude. They could not differ aim of Al-Quran, Sunnah and history. Logically, Muslim Historian have collected history with Isnad Methods (describe the system of narrator).We see in the field History Isnad system was present before European colonial period. When they have established their power all over the world, their rulers have helped the very Intellectuals. At that time European Intelligentsia (Wellhausan, T.W. Arnold, Lane Pole, Gibb, W.C. Smith, R. A. Nicolson, P. K. Hitti) were showed the Muslim World. Firstly, they have translated Sirat-e-Ibn-Hisham, Al-Magazi, Muruz Az Zahab, etc. into English, Latin, and French language.  Some People mind that intentionally, they have searched weak point of Muslim History, Culture and mistake.

At present we see Historian of our country or Indian Sub-Continent take information from Orientalist or European Historian. Although these kind of book is secondary source and primary source in our hand but we can not study about primary source.                              

Life Time of the Prophet (sm.)

A.     Qura’nic History

B.     History which was discuss in the Hadiths

      After the Death of Prophet (SM.)

      Recognized Historian of that time Urwa Ibn Zubair (R.), Al-Zuhri (R) in Hizaz

After Four Khalifah

A. Wahab Ibn Munabbih in Yaman

B. School of Iraq

C. Musa Ibn Uqba

D. Muhammad Ibn Ishaq

E. Al-Waqidi

F. Ibn Sad

G. Abu Mikhnaf

H. Al-Madaini

I. Kutaiba Ibn Muslim Al-Bahili

J. Ibn Al-kalbi 9Hisham Ibn Muhammad

K. Al-Balazuri

L. Al-Yaqubi

M. Ibn Kutaiba Al-Katib

N. Hassan Al Basri

O. Al Dinwari

P. Ibn Kasir

         

After colonial Period

A.     European intellectuals (Wellhausan, T.W. Arnold, Lane Pole , Gibb, W.C. Smith, R. A. Nicolson, P. K. Hitti )have  translated the Arabic History

B.     They have wrote many books of their language

C.     We Muslim people have forget name of our History books

D.     We took their history as main source 

History or Islamic History

Before nineteen hundred forty all over the World History as History . But after this time in our Sub-Continent they have opened a subject named Islamic History and Culture in Calcutta University. First time they divided this field.  In Bangladesh, we so called Muslim Intellectual people did not know main source history   

• Problem of our Department is unknown or illiteracy of Arabic language
• Problem of Bibliography

SOME THOUGHTS ON SCIENCE, QUR’AN AND CURRICULUM REFORMS:

Md Shahjahan Ali, Department of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering Islamic University, Kushtia-7003. shahjahan_iu @ yahoo . com

ABSTRACT: 

Man is the supreme and creature of God who can think independently and can acquire new knowledge through his deeds, observations and logical operations. Religious belief in his mind sometimes influences his knowledge structure and social behavior. During the few decades tremendous advancements have been taken place in the fields of scientific knowledge and invention of newer technologies which are making such questions which are giving a heavy jolt in the traditional belief systems of the man. Modern man’s obsession with domination of nature and power has produced a science which has severely harmed the ecological systems of the earth. Science today has become not a tool to ‘study the nature’ but a weapon to ‘exploit the nature’. The very existence of our mother planet is now under threat. Qur’an, on the other hand, is a divine book, which emphasizes use of scientific knowledge for the welfare of mankind maintaining the ethical values of man and environmental and ecological balance of the earth. This paper discusses all these issues in short and makes some observations about our responsibilities in this context.

KNOWLEDGE:

According to Plato, knowledge is the subset of that which is both true and believed. Also, according to the theory of knowledge by Socrates, knowledge is true belief or more specifically knowledge is justified true belief. That is belief and truths are the two components of knowledge. Knowledge may originate or be derived from the following origins or methods- (a) Observations or Experience, (b) Reason or Logic, (c) Modeling (It is a pragmatic approach seen in computer programming),  (d) Testimony,  (e) Authority and (f) Revelation (directly from God).

SCIENCE:

The term science has been coined from the Latin word ‘scientia’ meaning knowledge. Science refers to any systematic recorded knowledge. Science had been studied under a branch of philosophy named natural philosophy during the 18^th century. Early 1800s, natural philosophy had begun to separate from philosophy and ultimately became an independent branch of knowledge naming science- including both the natural (with biological life) and social sciences (including human behavior and societies). The sciences are studied in the form of hypothesis, theories and laws, both in discovering and describing how things work (natural sciences) and how people think and act (social sciences). Science is the reason-based analysis of sensation upon our awareness. Resting on reason and logic, scientific theories are formulated and repeatedly tested by analyzing how the collected evidence compares to the theory. Science is sometimes divided into two groups-  (i) Empirical science, which means the knowledge that based on scientific experiments and (ii) Applied science, which is the application of  experimental results to specific human needs.

THE QUR’AN:

The term Qur’an originates from the Arabic verb qara’a, meaning ‘he read’ or ‘he recited’.  With the prefix al- the meaning of the word stands- which has been ‘sent down’ at intervals. Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam. It is the book of divine guidance and direction for mankind, and the final revelation of Almighty Allah. It has been revealed to Prophet Muh (S:) by the angel Gibrael over a period of 23 years. Qur’an is the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with that revealed to Adam (AS), the first prophet, and continued with the Tawrat, the Zabur and the Injeel. The aforementioned books are not explicitly included in the Qur’an, but are recognized therein.

Muslims consider the Qur’an to be a guide, a sign of the prophethood of Muhammed (SA) and the truth of the religion.

ISLAM/ QUR’AN AND SCIENCE:

The holy Qur’an is richly endowed with scientific indications covering creation and ending of universe, the sky, the sun and moon, the shape of the earth and mountain, meteorology, astronomy and outer space, atmosphere, fresh water, atmospheric pressure on human chest, internal or deep storms and waves in seas and oceans, science of embryology, anatomy and different aspects of medical sciences, science of skin, finger prints, relativity and many more.

But as Qur’an itself express that it is the book of guidance, therefore, it rarely offers detailed accounts of historical events, the text instead typically placing emphasis on the moral significance of an event rather that its narrative sequence. It does not describe natural facts in a scientific manner but teaches that natural and supernatural events are signs of God.

The prestige and value of science and scientists is highly elevated in The Holy Qur’an, because the more man gains knowledge the more he is convinced that God is there. There is no wonder then, that the first Verse came down from heaven, is a clear invitation to read and write.

At the beginning of Islam, the first Muslims truly understood The Holy Qur'an. They took it as a divine order to study seriously and profoundly the different sciences concerning the universe and this world. Anatomy and curative treatment, astronomy, geography, mathematics, chemistry, physics, botany etc. branches of sciences studied carefully by Muslim scientists. At the height of Islam, between the eighth and twelfth centuries A.D., at a time when restrictions on scientific development were in force in the Christian world, a very large number of studies and discoveries were being made at Islamic Universities. It was there that the remarkable cultural resources of the time were to be found. “Cordova” of Spain was the centre point of world knowledge. This is why scholars from all over Europe went to study at Cordova, just as today people go to the United States to perfect their studies. A very great number of ancient manuscripts have come down to us thanks to cultivated Arabs who acted as the vehicle for the culture of conquered countries. Citing the contribution of Muslim scientists Dr. Morad Hofmann says that the West did not inherit the Hellenic culture, but it was the Muslims in the East who had inherited, developed and added to the Hellenic culture.

PRESENT STATE OF SCIENCE:

Vast advances have taken place in the various fields of applied science and technology over the last few decades. Advances in microelectronics, computer sciences and information, fiber-optics, telecommunications, agriculture and biological sciences, particularly, biotechnologies etc. are altering the rate and pattern of growth of development and life style. The new technologies are trans-disciplinary and their combined impact is bringing about radical and revolutionary changes in the very structures of knowledge, education and industrial systems. Unfortunately, unlike the greatest and pioneering contribution of past Muslim scholars, Muslims have almost no role in the development of modern science and technology. Modern scientific worldview, based on secular materialist culture of the west, is now a dominant force in most of the world. This dominance, achieved by technological advances, have created an illusion of reality in such a forceful manner that to most people the marvels of the modern technological achievements appear as miracles.

Problems Related to Advancement of Science:

But the advances in science and technology are themselves introducing new limitations and constraints for the underdeveloped and developing countries. The close link between the scientific and technological capabilities and the economic growth, the increasing costs of R&D works and emergence of new fields of science with accentuated complexities in the institutional framework are all creating difficulties for the developing countries for participation in this new innovation. Technological advancements have made the world divided into two groups- (i) technology export and (ii) technology import countries. As a result countries like us are becoming more and more dependent on the developed countries for our developing activities.

There also have other sides of the advancement. Science today is not only limited to the study of nature, rather it is attempting to replace traditional epistemological and ontological foundations of knowledge. This encroachment of science in a domain traditionally held by Religion has given rise to the debates about the relationship of science and religion, their mutual points of convergence and divergence and other related issues. These questions have been and are being debated by the followers of all regions as science keeps on encroaching further and further into the belief systems of contemporary human beings through rapid advances in such areas as biotechnology, embryology and genetic engineering. These are not merely philosophical debates; there are real-life issues forcing human beings to make choices which affect the most fundamental aspects of existence. Modern science comes with its own values and ethics and attempts in competition with the religious worldview.

OUR DUTIES: CURRICULUM REFORMS

Before going to make any suggestions about our present duties and work plan for future actions, I want to point out some problems prevailing in the Muslim Ummah.

The most important points are as follows:

i)       Lack of Education

ii)     Lack of modern knowledge in Science and other faculties

iii)   Lack of modern  institutes for higher education and Centre of Excellences for higher research

iv)   Lack of capable visionary  leadership/ Intellectual Crisis

v)     Lack of awareness about our own problems

vi)   Lack of mutual cooperation and fellow feelings for other members of  the community

This assessment shows that there is an urgent and dire need for a systematic, epistemological reform process for:

• Mastery of Modern Disciplines, and the critical assessment of their methodologies, research findings, and theories within the Islamic perspective.
• Mastery of the Islamic Legacy, and the critical assessment of Islamic scholarship
• Creative Synthesis of Islamic Legacy and modern knowledge; a creative leap to bridge over the gap of centuries of non-development.

 To achieve this goal there should be consensus among the Muslim Ummah:

• To eradicate illiteracy and speed up science and technology education to equip the young students with modern knowledge and skills to be a workforce for meeting national demand.
• Science education up to secondary or higher secondary level should be made compulsory and sufficient scientific and technological infrastructures should be built up.
• The need of high caliber scientists and engineers for sustained industrial and technological development in any country is well recognized. To meet this goal modern institute for higher studies and research should be set up and adequate number of capable teachers should be recruited.
• ‘Center of Excellencies’ for higher research should be setup in a pre-planed and coordinated manner to train large number of promising scientists among the community whose talent will be of world class and whose mind will be full of divine belief and thought. Also, fund should be created to offer large number of scholarships for the students of higher education.
• Academic exchange of experienced teachers among the educational institutes of the member states should be accelerated to maintain higher level of education.

Curriculum reforms in our university- In the Islamic University we have a course named Islamic Studies which is compulsory for all Muslim students. The contents of the course can be updated in the light of epistemological approach giving emphasis on the contribution of Muslim scholars in the development of sciences.

Introduction of new course in the science faculty just now may be problematic. Because, the mentality of the vast majority of the educated people of our country is no different than that of the Western secular notion. They want to see religion separated from science. In this context, what we can do is to make a work plan to change our mindset first. Through series of discussions (formal and informal), seminars and workshops including more and more teachers of the science faculty, we can make ourselves ready for making desired reform in the curriculum.

CONCLUSION:

There is no contradiction between science and Islam. Qur’an places emphasis on scientific education. There are also many prominent Hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (SA) in favor of acquiring knowledge. But there is, definitely, difference in the approach between the western scientific culture and Islamic Spiritual approach. “Scientism”, which is based on secular materialist values of the west, wants to dominate on the nature and has already made our planet at risk. Islamic approach of science, opposite to ‘scientism’ recognizes that the message of God is relevant to each and every sphere of human activity, God has created this universe with a purpose, and He has made Man his representative for an appointed term. The model and example to be followed is that of Prophet Muhammad (S). Nature is not to be exploited but should be understood and treated as a trust given to him by the creator.

At the end, I want to finish with these words- Please come forward and utter in a single voice, Science for Humanity, Science for development, Science for peace, Science for welfare, Science for love and Science for Divine.

May Allah Bless All Of Us. Amin.  Assalamu-alaikum-wa-Rahmatullah.

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© Professor Omar Hasan Kasule May 2008